临时函数，各种匿名函数使用

// All examples create a function object that performs upper-casing.
// So it's a function from String to String

val upperCase1: (String) -> String = { str: String -> str.toUpperCase() } // 1

val upperCase2: (String) -> String = { str -> str.toUpperCase() }         // 2

val upperCase3 = { str: String -> str.toUpperCase() }                     // 3

// val upperCase4 = { str -> str.toUpperCase() }                          // 4

val upperCase5: (String) -> String = { it.toUpperCase() }                 // 5

val upperCase6: (String) -> String = String::toUpperCase                  // 6

println(upperCase1("hello"))
println(upperCase2("hello"))
println(upperCase3("hello"))
println(upperCase5("hello"))
println(upperCase6("hello"))